ReadingIn this question, you will read a short passage on an academic subject, and then li

Reading

In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic subject, and then listen to a talk on the same topic. Then you will answer a question using information from both the reading and the talk. After the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.

Now read the passage about ways of establishing animal intelligence. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.

Animal Intelligence

A traditional method for determining an animal's intelligence was related to the ratio of brain to body mass. However, this method was inconsistent. Most humming birds have a higher ratio than humans, although they are clearly less intelligent. Current attempts to quantify an animal's intelligence focus on observations of social behavior. and problem-solving skills. Species with well-developed social lives, which usually require advanced forms of communication, are considered more intelligent. However, communication is not the only factor to consider. Another area that is given a lot of importance in these investigations is the level and style. of play employed by younger members of the species. The more elaborate the play, the higher the level of intelligence assumed. Another indicator of intelligence is the use of tools. This shows an increased awareness of an animal's immediate environment and an understanding of cause and effect, which is based on the ability to predict future results.

Listening

Question

The professor describes the behavior. of dolphins. Explain how their behavior. shows a high level of intelligence.