Miao adds that human resource managers of academic institutions should be able to tell ___

so to some extent their quality determines the quality of the human capital of the whole city.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

One City, Two Visions

Experts differ in method, but agree that people make a city prosper.

What should be the next step after a city has become a domestic success in almost every field？

"Have more internationally competent talents prepared," one expert answered.

"It should learn more about how to learn," said another.

They were speaking about Shanghai and both assertions (断言) refer to the quality of people, and the belief that any further development of the city requires talented individuals who have both professional expertise (专门知识) and international vision.

Comments from an article entitled "On Internationally Competent Talents," by Miao Qihao, Deputy Director of the Shanghai Library, which was published in the Hong Kong- based Wen Wei Po on October 12, 2003, add some insights into this interesting and very relevant social issue.

"Internationally competent talents, in many occasions these days, have become the equivalent of haigui (Chinese who have gone abroad to study or work and then returned), but I don't quite agree with this," says Miao.

He explains his definition of internationally competent talents as having various categories, including foreign professionals and haigui who, according to a more accurate term suggested by the United Nations specifically referring to talent backflow from developed countries to developing ones, is "reserve brain drain (人才流失)." These expertise and knowledge of these two kinds of arrivals, Miao concludes, certainly add more international flavor to Shanghai's economy and culture.

The real challenge for Shanghai to foster a strong contingent of internationally competent talents, Miao maintains, is not only expanding the first two categories, but for local professionals to upgrade themselves to international standards. "They are the largest part and their quality to a large degree determines the quality of human capital of the whole city," he adds.

But for those who have never been abroad, under what conditions can they be regarded as "international talents"？ Diplomas and English proficiency？ Practical criteria, but much too simplified. According to Miao, ethical virtues and professional expertise are essential, in addition to three other qualities, namely, understanding of international practices and rules, cross-culture communication, and global vision.

We are not calling for know-alls, but for professionals who have professional knowledge, Miao clarifies in his definition of understanding of international practices. For example, human resource managers of academic institutions should be able to tell qualified foreign university diploma from false ones, he adds.

As for international rules, Miao raises an example of a Chinese export company that was stunned by the emerging technological barrier in the European market. Though the new regulation was published half a year earlier on the official website, ignorance to international rules made the company believe that the once warm and extravagant reception they extended to their European clients would exempt (免除) them from any restriction.

Skills in communication with people speaking different languages and having different cultural backgrounds, in Miao's opinion, are another essential but lacked capability. The English name of a Shanghai organization, for instance, sounds like "hang you", which may confuse or even frighten its foreign clients. Many may attribute this to insufficient English ability, but overlook the problem of cross-culture communication lying deeply beneath.

"Think global, Act local," a slogan Miao cites to illustrate his understanding of global spirit and vision. "Global" is a big word, but it can also be reflected in very practical local actions. Printing name cards with recycled paper, for example, is a p

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in paragraph 3 because______.

A．Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity

B．the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things

C．the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch"s point of view

D．the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented

听力原文： The World Health Organization warns between 25 and 35 percent of the world population could be affected by a human influenza pandemic, but the WHO says most people would survive. Health experts are meeting at the World Health Organization in Geneva to map out a plan of action to combat the possible spread of avian flu.

The World Health Organization Global Influenza Program Director Klaus Stohr says between two and seven million people would die from a mild pandemic and up to 28 million would be hospitalized. He adds everything has to be put into perspective.

The WHO calculation is based on the prospect of a mild influenza outbreak, such as those which occurred in 1957 and 1968. Those pandemics killed three million people. It acknowledges that deaths could skyrocket in the event of a severe influenza pandemic, such as the one that swept the world in 1918, killing more than 40 million people.

Health experts meet in Geneva to

A．draw a map of affected area.

B．make a plan for fighting against bird flu.

C．make a combat.

D．find ways to prevent human flu.

回答题

Fishing adds only about one percent to the global economy, but on a regional basis it can con-tribute extremely to human survival．Marine fisheries contribute more to the world&39; s supply of pro-tein than beef,poultry or any other animal source．

Fishing typically does not need land ownership, and because it remains, generally, open to all, itis often the employer of last resort in the developing world--an occupation when there are no otherchoices．Worldwide, about 200 million people rely on fishing for their livelihoods．Within SoutheastAsia alone, over five million people fish full-time．In northem Chile forty percent of the populationlives off the ocean．In Newfoundland most employment came from fishing or servicing that indus-try--until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s that left tens of thousands of people outof work．

Though debates over the conservation of natural resources are often cast as a conflict betweenjobs and the environment, the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment．Mi-chael P．Sissenwine and Andrew A．Rosenberg of the U．S．National Marine Fisheries Service haveestimated that if depleted species were allowed to rebuild to their long-term potential, their sustainableuse would add about $ 8 billion to the U．S．gross domestic product--and provide about 300,000jobs．If fish populations were restored and properly managed, about twenty million metric tons couldbe added to the world&39; s annual catch．But restoration of ecological balance, fiscal profitability (收益) and economic security will require a continual reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishingindustry so that wild populations can recover．

The necessary reductions in fishing workforce need not come at the expense of jobs．Govern-ments could increase employment and reduce the pressure on fish populations by guiding subsidies a-way from highly mechanised ships．For each $1,000,000 of investment,industrial-scale fishing op-erations require only one to five people, while small-scale fisheries would employ between 60 and3,000．Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by de-pleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence．

The animal source which provides the most protein for human being is__________． 查看材料

A.beef

B.fish

C.pork

D.chicken

Questionsare based on the following passage.

When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so， it is alltoo easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans. But as we（36）， so doall the things associated with us，（37）our livestock （家畜）. At present， there are about 1.5 bil-lion cattle and domestic buffalo and about 1.7 billion sheep and goats. With pigs and poultry，they form. a（38）part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet.

Just how enormous was not really apparent until the（39）of a new report， called "Live-stock"s Long Shadow，" by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.

Consider these numbers. Global livestock grazing （放牧） and feed production use "30percent of the land surface of the planet." Livestock —— which consume more food thanthey（40）—— also compete directly with humans for water. And the drive to expand grazingland destroys more biologically sensitive terrain， rain forests（41）， than anything else.

But what is even more striking， and alarming， is that livestock are（42）for about 18 per-cent of the global warming effect， more than transportation"s（43）. The culprits （罪魁祸首）are methane —— the natural result of bovine digestion —— and the nitrogen emitted by manure.

Deforestation of grazing land adds to the effect.

There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming —— such as cutting back oncattle to make room for cars. The human（44）for meat is certainly not about to end anytimesoon. As "Livestock"s Long Shadow" makes clear， our health and the health of the planet de-pend on pushing livestock production in more（45）directions.

A．publication

B．waste

C．contribution

D．certainly

E. yield

F. multiply

G. critical

H. passion

I . concerning

J . available

K. liable

L. sustainable

K. responsible

N. including

O.especially

第（36）题应填__________

查看材料

根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。

Text 3

Fishing adds only about one percent to the global economy, but on a regional basis it can contribute extremely to human survival. Marine fisheries contribute more to the world's supply of protein than beef poultry or any other animal source.

Fishing typically does not need land ownership ,and because it remains, generally, open to all ,it is often the employer of last resort in the developing world--an occupation when there are no other choices. Worldwide ,about 200 million people rely on fishing for their livelihoods. Within Southeast Asia alone, over five million people fish full-time. In northern Chile forty percent of the population lives off the ocean. In Newfoundland most employment came from fishing or servicing that industry until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s that left tens of thousands of people out of work.

Though debates over the conservation of natural resources are often cast as a conflict between jobs and the environment, the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment. Michael P.Sissenwine and Andrew A． Rosenberg of the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service have estimated that if depleted species were allowed to rebuild to their long-term potential,their sustainable use would add about $ 8 billion to the U. S. gross domestic product--and provide about 300,000 jobs. If fish populations were restored and properly managed, about twenty million metric tons could be added to the world' s annual catch. But restoration of ecological balance, fiscal profitability (收益) and economic security will require a continual reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover.

The necessary reductions in fishing workforce need not come at the expense of jobs. Governments could increase employment and reduce the pressure on fish populations by guiding subsidies away from highly mechanised ships. For each $1,000,000 of investment,industrial-scale fishing operations require only one to five people, while small-scale fisheries would employ between 60 and3,000. Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence.

第 31 题 The animal source which provides the most protein for human being is__________

A．beef

B．fish

C．pork

D．chicken

all that there really is. By ruling out a spiritual part of the human person which might survive death and a God who might resurrect the body, naturalism also rules out survival after death. In addition, naturalism denies human freedom on the grounds that every event must be explainable by deterministic natural laws. It denies any absolute values because it can find no grounds for such values in a world made up only of matter and energy. And finally, naturalism denies that the universe has any meaning or purpose because there is no God to give it a meaning or purpose, and nothing else which can give it a meaning or purpose.

Anyone who accepts the first three denials, of God, spiritual beings, and immortality, might be called a naturalist in the broad sense, and anyone who adds to these the denial of freedom, values, and purpose might be labeled a naturalist in the strict sense, or a strict naturalist. Some opponents of naturalism would argue that naturalists in the broad sense are at least somewhat inconsistent and that naturalism in the broad sense leads logically to strict naturalism. Many strict naturalists would agree with this.

Those who reject naturalism in both the strict and broad sense do so for a variety of masons. They may have positive arguments for the existence of some of what naturalists deny, or they may have what seem to be decisive refutations of some or all of the arguments for naturalism. But, in addition to particular arguments against naturalist tenets or their grounds of belief, some opponents of naturalism believe that there is a general argument which holds against any form. of naturalism. These opponents hold that naturalism has a "fatal flaw" or, to put it more strongly, that naturalism is self-destroying. If naturalism is true, then human reason must be the result of natural forces.

These natural forces are not, on the naturalistic view, rational themselves, nor can they be the result of a rational cause. So human reason would be the result of nonrational causes. This, it can be argued, gives us a strong reason to distrust human reach, especially in its less practical and more theoretical exercises. But the theory of naturalism is itself such an exercise of theoretical reason. If naturalism is true, we would have strong reasons to distrust theoretical reasoning. If we distrust theoretical reasoning, we distrust particular applications of it, such as the theory of naturalism. Thus, if naturalism is true, we have strong reasons to distrust naturalism.

Naturalism believes that

A．human can do things with their free will.

B．deterministic natural laws can explain everything.

C．absolute values should be based on a more reasonable ground.

D．universe is dependent on subjective experience.

u H5N1 has quietly continued to take its 【C1】______ on both poultry and humans. Last year, 17 countries, 【C2】______ from Germany to Japan, reported outbreaks of H5N1 in 【C3】______ poultry and wild birds; and the World Health Organization, which still says H5N1 causes a worldwide threat, recoded 72 human 【C4】______ , 32 of them fatal.

The major outbreak, entering its 【C5】______ year, is still in the developing countries of Asia. Indonesia 【C6】______ accounted for 19 of the 32 H5N1 deaths; Vietnam, 【C7】______ 5. But there are signs of 【C8】______ .

The number of human deaths has been 【C9】______ since peaking at 79 in 2006. And fewer countries reported outbreaks in 2009 than in 2008.

Partnership researchers compared notes on the effectiveness of control measures. Scientists reported that carefully 【C10】______ killing can be just as effective as wide spread killing, and less 【C11】______ . Others reported that reducing risk among those 【C12】______ backyard poultry has to be a community-wide effort, since changing the practices of 【C13】______ farmers has proven difficult.

In particular, Science Insider reported that a 3- year-old regional investigation network is making 【C14】______ in sorting out the role of wild birds. Some water birds 【C15】______ thought to be spreading the virus, such as the Asian open bill stork, are now known to quickly die of H5N1 infection, Wiriyarat says. But pas serine species , or perching birds, are apparently 【C16】______ the virus without ill effects, says an Asian zoologist. He also adds that there is a high 【C17】______ of outbreaks in poultry and passerine movements.

Wiriyarat says it is still 【C18】______ what is causing the outbreak, whether there is a natural storage for H5N1, and how the virus is 【C19】______ between domestic and wild birds. But while that research continues, the most effective way to reduce the amount of virus in 【C20】______ is to control outbreaks in poultry, he says.

【C1】

A．toll

B．money

C．fee

D．tuition