What were the eiders of contemporary Americans quite unfamiliar with？

Old people are always saying that the young people are not【61】they were. The same comment is【62】from generation to generation and it is always【63】. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy【64】freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so【65】on their parents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are【66】more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is【67】from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.

The old always assume that they know best for the simple【68】that they have been【69】a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the【70】are doing. They are questioning the 【71】 of their eiders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to 【72】 that the older generation has created the best of all possible words. What they reject more than 【73】 is conformity. Office, hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and 【74】 ？ And what 【75】 the clothing？ Who said that all the men in the world should 【76】 drab grey suits？ If we turn our 【77】 to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means？ Why have the older generation so often used 【78】 to solve their problems？ Why are they are so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more 【79】 possessions？ Can anything be right with the rat-race？ Haven't the old lost 【80】 with all that is important in life？

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Old people are always saying that the young people are not【61】they were. The same comment is【62】from generation to generation and it is always【63】. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy【64】freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so【65】on their parents. Events which the older generation remember vividly are【66】more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is【67】from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.

The old always assume that they know best for the simple【68】that they have been【69】a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the【70】are doing. They are questioning the 【71】 of their eiders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to 【72】 that the older generation has created the best of all possible words. What they reject more than 【73】 is conformity. Office, hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and 【74】 ？ And what 【75】 the clothing？ Who said that all the men in the world should 【76】 drab grey suits？ If we turn our 【77】 to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means？ Why have the older generation so often used 【78】 to solve their problems？ Why are they are so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more 【79】 possessions？ Can anything be right with the rat-race？ Haven't the old lost 【80】 with all that is important in life？

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Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it's always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events that the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. Every generation is different from the older one and today the difference is very marked indeed.

The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their self satisfaction. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility？ And what about clothing？ Who said that all men should wear gray suits and convict haircuts？ If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional polities or by violent means？ Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems？ Why are they unhappy and guilt ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions？ Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life？

These are not questions the old generation can shrug of lightly. Traditionally, the young have turned to their eiders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not "sinful." It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and your leisure. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete destruction.

The author put forward suggestions to the old people except ______.

A．they should enjoy life as possible as they can

B．they should learn something from their children

C．they should be more strict with young generation

D．they should take young people's questions into serious consideration

in New Jersey, working defense plants, working and living among southerners, white and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them to behave, but it had never entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me to behave that way. I learned in New Jersey that to be a Negro meant, precisely, that one was never looked at but was simply at the mercy of the reflexes of the color of one's skin caused in other people. I acted in New Jersey as I had always acted, that is as though I thought a great deal of myself-- I had to act that way -- with results that were, simply, unbelievable. I had scarcely arrived before I had earned the enmity, which was extrodinarily ingenious, of all my superiors and nearly all my co-workers. In the beginning, to make matters worse, I simply did not know what was happening. I did not know what had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could possibly do, to bring about such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility. I knew about jim-crow but I had never experienced it. I went to the same self-service restaurant three times and stood with all the Princeton boys before the counter, waiting for a hamburger and coffee; it was always an extrordinarily long time before anything was set before me: I had simply picked something up. Negroes were not served there, I was told, and they had been waiting for me to realize that I was always the only Negro present. Once I was told this, I determined to go there all the time. But now they were ready for me and, though some dreadful scenes were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I never ate there again.

It was same story all over New Jersey, in bars, howling alleys, diners, places to live. I was always being forced to leave, silently, or with mutual imprecations. I very shortly became notorious and children giggled behind me when I passed and their eiders whispered or shouted -- they really believed that I was mad. And it did begin to work on my mind, of course; I began to be afraid to go anywhere and to compensate for this I went places to which I really should not have gone and where, God knows, I had no desire to be. My reputation in town naturally enhanced my reputation at work and my working day became one long series of acrobatics designed to keep me out of trouble. I cannot say that these acrobatics night, with but one aim: to eject me. I was fired once, and contrived, with the aid of a friend from New York, to get back on the payroll; was fired again, and bounced back again. It took a while to fire me for the third time, but the third time took. There were no loopholes anywhere. There was not even any way of getting back inside the gates.

That year in New Jersey lives in my mind as though it were the year during which, having an unsuspected predilection for it, I first contracted some dread, chronic disease, the unfailing symptom of which is kind of blind fever, a pounding in the skull and fire in the bowels. Once this disease is contracted, one can never be really carefree again, for the fever, without an instant's warning, can recur at any moment. It can wreck more important race relations. There is not a Negro alive who does not have this rage in his blood -- one has the choice, merely, of living with it consciously or surrendering to it. As for me, this fever has recurred in me, and does, and will until the day I die.

My last night in New Jersey, a white friend from New York took me to the nearest big town, Trenton, to go to the movies and have a few drinks. As it turned out, he also saved me from, at the very least, a violent whipping. Almost every detail of that night stands out very clearly in my memory. I even remember the name of the movie we saw because its title impressed me as being so partly ironical. It was a movie about the German occu

A．derogatory

B．ironical

C．appreciative

D．neutral

support one s parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government. That does not mean it hasn't generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family~ cynics dubbed it the "Sue Your Son" law.

Those proponents say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility. It kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality proves insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.

Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the end of the 20th century that figure grew to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 26~. The problem is not old age per se. It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline.

But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net.

Traditionally, a person's insurance against poverty in his old age was his family, life is not a revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian. Care and support for one's parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.

The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after one's parents is unenforceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children. A husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parents.

In 1980, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the aged. Its report stated with a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations, But what about the 5% who aren't getting relatives' support？ They have several options: (a) get a job and work until they die; (b) apply for public assistance (you have to be destitute to apply). or (c) starve quietly. None of these options is socially acceptable. And what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages？

The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.

Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bill's effect would be far more subtle.

First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individual's--not society's--responsibility to look after his parents. Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this idea. It reinforces the traditional values and it doesn't hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.

Second, and more important, it will make those who are inclined to shirk, their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a person asked family eiders, clergymen or the Ministry of Community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators h

A．received unanimous support in the Singapore Parliament

B．was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poor

C．was intended to substitute for traditional values in Singapore

D．was passed to make the young more responsible to the old

A.How was

B.What are

C.How were

What were the effects of the decision she made？

A．reasons

B．results

C．causes

D．bases