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第1题
defined consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and other related components; and the development of culture depends upon man's capacity to learn and to transmit knowledge to succeeding generations.
Every human society has its own particular culture, or sociocultural system, which overlaps to some extent with other systems. Variation among sociocultural systems is attributable to physical habitats and resources; to the range of possibilities inherent in various areas of activity, such as language, rituals and customs, and the manufacture and use of tools, and to the degree of social development. Adaptation and change take place within and among cultures by means of ecological and environmental changes.
第2题
For 【C1】______ the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain 【C2】______ : a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the terrible consequences of war stopped 【C3】______ of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as a feat 【C4】______ to be repeated.
There will never be 【C5】______ D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have 【C6】______ . All-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out 【C7】______ for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put tens of millions of American lives at 【C8】______ . And the possible benefits for the allies would be uncertain at best. European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for Dusseldorf". In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth 【C9】______ American cities to avenge a Europe already 【C10】______ to rubble.
【C1】______
第3题
案，双方就都能获胜。因为在爱的关系中，输是送出一份总会有回报的礼物。婚姻关系中关键的问题是：准将掌握控制权?人们往往把放弃控制权与软弱混为一谈。但在家庭之争中的胜利者从来都不是真正的胜利者。在你赢得斗争而你的伴侣屈服时，你已经输了。这听起来似乎自相矛盾，却千真万确。因此请记住：如果你想感到被爱、被尊重，就放弃控制权。如果你想在家庭争论中获胜，就得学会在争论中认输。
第4题
lity of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.【B2】What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote. makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldoua Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. 【B3】It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive.【B4】They are stimulating and refreshing because with common sense briskness they brash away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. 【B5】 Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of troth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold die ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.
【B1】
第5题
officer became, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month.【67】Using flashing headlights, Richard L. Judd,64,the president of Central Connecticut State University made the driver. Peter Baba,24,of Plainville, pull on Jan. 23, the state police said.【68】He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said.
【69】Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1995.【70】But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals.【71】The gold badge was mere a university award.【72】The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.
【73】Later, Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. McOuillan, issued a long apology from his superior, whom he described as "the best thing to happen to New Britain. "【74】"My experience and instinct as an E. M. T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter, "Mr. Judd said in the statement.【75】"In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage."
(46)
第6题
ntury and Her Returning Scholars". You should base your essay on the following outline:
1. Today, many countrymen are returning after they finish their study abroad.
2. Reasons for their returning.
3. Significance of their returning both to China and to themselves.
第7题
The development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult【36】many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written【37】. But children speak【38】they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with【39】written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge【40】memorized and passed【41】generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brain's storage capacity is finite.【42】overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles【43】through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society【44】permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology.
It might be argued【45】today we have electronic means of recording sound and【46】to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete.【47】writing became extinct, there would be no knowledge of electronics【48】TV technicians to study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to【49】There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mail, no newspapers, no science. There would be【50】advantages: no bad novels, junk mail, poison-pen letters, or "unreadable" income-tax forms, but the losses would outweigh the【51】.
There are almost as【52】legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are【53】the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes,【54】the alphabet and brought it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four-eyed dragon-god T'sang Chien invented writing. In【55】myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Thoth gave humans writing as well as speech.
(36)
第8题
外形。我能够觉察到欢笑，忧伤，以及许多其他的明显的感情。我根据触摸我的朋友的脸的感觉来辨认他们，但是我不能靠触摸来真正地描绘他们的神情。当然，我是通过其他手段，通过他们向我表达的思想，通过他们向我显示的不论什么样的行动，来了解他们的个性的。但是我被剥夺了更深入了解他们的町能，因为我确信，要达到那种更深入的了解，必须要亲眼看到他们，要观察他们对各种所表达的思想以及情况的反应。
第10题
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