Many communities offer ______ for bicultural children to learn about their native culture

Why do people marry？ People divorce often, it can be 【S1】______

seen by the rising divorce rate in the U.S. and elsewhere. But they

remarry soon enough after they divorce. Now many of them

divorce at a much younger age than before. That is also found 【S2】______

that the young have a big share of divorce. But what many

sociologists find difficult to understand is because they seem to 【S3】______

be eager to rush into marriage than get out of it. 【S4】______

In the old days, there was every reason to marry young—

specially among the working class. In Chinese communities, 【S5】______

unmarried men and women seemed to be disadvantaged in many

ways. Women were in a more difficult position than men since

in earlier time, girls were not allowed to be educated. They also 【S6】______

did not enjoy social freedom. In the past, women who were not

"married off" if they turned 30 were considered to be a problem 【S7】______

or a worry for the family. They might have to remain with their

families as they could not find jobs, and thus were able to support 【S8】______

themselves. For men, they often led an unpleasant and uncomfortable 【S9】______

life as they did not have a wife to do the sewing, cooking,

and cleaning and take care of the husband and children. In those 【S10】______

days, the family was the cornerstone of society. Both sexes needed

marriage far more than now.

【S1】

es a major th______ to many coastal communities in the US.

orily with their conflicts and thereby secure the advantages of community and cooperation. Unlike other forms of life, human beings are born with a capacity to reflect on this task and to search for better solutions by conscious thought and careful choices. The task of overcoming conflicts and achieving community life and cooperation arises because human beings are unable and unwilling to live in complete isolation. The advantages of cooperation and community life are so numerous and so obvious that they must have been evident to man from earliest times. By now, our ancestors have closed off the choice; for most of us the choice of total isolation from a community is, realistically speaking, no longer open. Nevertheless, however strongly human beings are driven to seek the company of one another, and despite thousands of years' practice, they have never discovered a way in which they can live together without conflict. Conflict exists when one individual wishes to follow a line of action that would make it difficult or impossible for someone else to pursue his own desire. Conflict seems to be an incapable aspect of the community and consequently of human beings. Why conflict seems inescapable is a question that has troubled many people: philosophers, historians, social scientists, doubtless a great many ordinary people." Conflict is built into the very nature of men and women," said James Madison, "Human beings have diverse abilities, and these in turn produce diverse interests."

The main point of this passage is that ______.

A．human beings by their nature will always conflict with each other

B．James Madison made many thoughtful comments about human beings as social animals

C．our need for fellowship and the advantages of cooperation create communities

D．humans have not yet been able to achieve complete harmony and to live without conflict

orily with their conflicts and thereby secure the advantages of community and cooperation. Unlike other forms of life, human beings are born with a capacity to reflect on this task and to search for better solutions by conscious thought and careful choices. The task of overcoming conflicts and achieving community life and cooperation arises because human beings are unable and unwilling to live in complete isolation. The advantages of cooperation and community life are so numerous and so obvious that they must have been evident to man from earliest times. By now, our ancestors have closed off the choice; for most of us the choice of total isolation from a community is, realistically speaking, no longer open. Nevertheless, however strongly human beings are driven to seek the company of one another, and despite thousands of years' practice, they have never discovered a way in which they can live together without conflict. Conflict exists when one individual wishes to follow a line of action that would make it difficult or impossible for someone else to pursue his own desired. Conflict seems to be an incapable aspect of the community and consequently of human beings. Why conflict seems inescapable is a question that has troubled many people: philosophers, historians, social scientists, doubtless a great many ordinary propel." Conflict is built into the very nature of men and women," said James Madison," Human beings have diverse abilities, and these in turn produce diverse interests."

The main point of this passage is that______.

A．human beings by their nature will always conflict with each other

B．James Madison made many thoughtful comments about human beings as social animals

C．our need for fellowship and the advantages of cooperation create communities

D．humans have not yet been able to achieve complete harmony and to live without conflict

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Sustainable Communities

According to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment.

Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the population's basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.

Characteristics of Sustainable Living Communities

Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they don't use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they don't produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others--living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:--printed money--but the basic principles are similar.

Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents don't even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle.

Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples:

- Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun's lighting and heating capabilities.

- They install energy-efficient appliances.

- They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transport.

- They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested.

You might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt.

Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment.

Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away.

Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of, residents mm th

A．We can have another planet called the Earth.

B．We will use up resources on Earth.

C．We will work out replaceable resources.

D．We will migrate to another planet to live.

orily with their conflicts and thereby secure the advantages of community and cooperation. Unlike other forms of life, human beings are born with a capacity to reflect on this task and to search for better solutions by conscious thought and careful choices. The task of overcoming conflicts and achieving community life and cooperation arises because human beings are unable and unwilling to live in complete isolation. The advantages of cooperation and community life are so numerous and so obvious that they must have been evident to man from earliest times. By now, our ancestors have closed off the choice; for most of us the choice of total isolation from a community is, realistically speaking, no longer open. Nevertheless, however strongly human beings are driven to seek the company of one another, and despite thousands of years' practice, they have never discovered a way in which they can live together without conflict. Conflict exists when one individual wishes to follow a line of action that would make it difficult or impossible for someone else to pursue his own desired. Conflict seems to be an incapable aspect of the community and consequently of human beings. Why conflict seems inescapable is a question that has troubled many people: philosophers, historians, social scientists, doubtless a great many ordinary propel." Conflict is built into the very nature of men and women," said James Madison," Human beings have diverse abilities, and these in turn produce diverse interests."

The main point of this passage is that ______.

A．human beings by their nature will always conflict with each other

B．James Madison made many thoughtful comments about human beings as social animals

C．our need for fellowship and the advantages of cooperation create communities

D．humans have not yet been able to achieve complete harmony and to live without conflict

How many minority communities are mentioned in this speech？

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Two.

orily with theft conflicts and thereby secure the advantages of community and cooperation. Unlike other forms of life, human beings are born with a capacity to reflect on this task and to search for better solutions by conscious thought and careful choices. The task of overcoming conflicts and achieving community life and cooperation arises because human beings are unable and unwilling to live in complete isolation. The advantages of cooperation and community life are so numerous and so obvious that they must have been evident to man from earliest times. By now, our ancestors have closed off the choice; for most of us the choice of total isolation from a community is, realistically speaking, no longer open. Nevertheless, however strongly human beings are driven to seek the company of one another, and despite thousands of years' practice, they have never discovered a way in which they can live together without conflict. Conflict exists when one individual wishes to follow a line of action that would make it difficult or impossible for someone else to pursue his own desired. Conflict seems to be an incapable aspect of the community and consequently of human beings. Why conflict seems inescapable is a question that has troubled many people: philosophers, historians, social scientists, doubtless a great many ordinary propel." Conflict is built into the very nature of men and women," said James Madison," Human beings have diverse abilities, and these in turn produce diverse interests."

The main point of this passage is that______.

A．human beings by their nature will always conflict with each other

B．James Madison made many thoughtful comments about human beings as social animals

C．our need for fellowship and the advantages of cooperation create communities

D．humans have not yet been able to achieve complete harmony and to live without conflict

A、take delight in

B、open the door to

C、remind you of

D、get by on

est it alter their overall architectural integrity.

A.in case that

B.in spite that

C.for fear that

D.in order that