The secret of flight did not lie in the making of wings, but in discovering the right kind

the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

A.stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

B.highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.

C.explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.

D.emphasis the importance of privacy protection.

which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport？

A.New restrictions on carry-on bags.

B.The declining efficiency of the TSA.

C.An increase in the number of travelers.

D.Frequent unexpected secret checks.

The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to

A.faster

B.quieter

C.wider

D.cheaper

One problem with the PreCheck program is

A.A dramatic reduction of its scale.

B.Its wrongly-directed implementation.

C.The government reluctance to back it.

D.An unreasonable price for enrollment.

Which of the following would be the best title for the text？

A.Less Screening for More Safety

B.PreCheck-a Belated Solution

C.Getting Stuck in Security Lines

D.Underused PreCheck Lanes

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.

1.the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

A.stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

B.highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.

C.explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.

D.emphasis the importance of privacy protection.

2.which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport？

A.New restrictions on carry-on bags.

B.The declining efficiency of the TSA.

C.An increase in the number of travelers.

D.Frequent unexpected secret checks.

3.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to

A.faster.

B.quieter.

C.wider.

D.cheaper.

4.One problem with the PreCheck program is

A.A dramatic reduction of its scale.

B.Its wrongly-directed implementation.

C.The government's reluctance to back it.

D.An unreasonable price for enrollment.

5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text？

A.Less Screening for More Safety

B.PreCheck-a Belated Solution

C.Getting Stuck in Security Lines

D.Underused PreCheck Lanes

The Earth has a force that pulls things toward itself. We call this force gravity(地心引力). This is something we live with all the time, and we take it for granted and hardly ever think about it. But it is a most important factor in rocket operation and must be overcome if we are to get anywhere in space, or off the ground at all.

Take the throwing of a ball as an example. The harder the ball is thrown, the faster and higher it will go. What is the secret？ It's speed. If we could throw the ball hard enough it would go up and up forever and never come down. The speed at which it would have to be thrown to do this is known as escape speed. Of course, we cannot throw a ball hard enough because the speed required to escape completely from' the Earth's gravity is seven miles per second, or over twenty-five thousand miles per hour.

Once escape speed has been reached by a spacecraft(宇宙飞船), no further power is needed. A rocket aimed at the Moon, for instance, will "coast"(滑行) the rest of the way because the Earth's gravity cannot then pull it back, and there is no air resistance(阻力) in space to slow it down. This "coasting" is known as "free fall". That does not mean the rocket is falling down towards the Earth but that it is traveling freely in space without the aid of power, like a bicycle coasting downhill.

Free fall is an important feature of space travel: it would be impossible to carry enough fuel to provide powered flight all the time.

What is the most important factor for a rocket to escape from the Earth？

A．To travel as fast as it can.

B．To overcome the Earth gravity.

C．To get away from the air resistance.

D．To have strong power in its operation.

The Earth has a force that pulls things toward itself. We call this force gravity(地心引力). This is something we live with all the time, and we take it for granted and hardly ever think about it. But it is a most important factor in rocket operation and must be overcome if we are to get anywhere in space, or off the ground at all.

Take the throwing of a ball as an example. The harder the ball is thrown, the faster and higher it will go. What is the secret？ It's speed. If we could throw the ball hard enough it would go up and up forever and never come down. The speed at which it would have to be thrown to do this is known as escape speed. Of course, we cannot throw a ball hard enough because the speed required to escape completely from' the Earth's gravity is seven miles per second, or over twenty-five thousand miles per hour.

Once escape speed has been reached by a spacecraft(宇宙飞船), no further power is needed. A rocket aimed at the Moon, for instance, will "coast"(滑行) the rest of the way because the Earth's gravity cannot then pull it back, and there is no air resistance(阻力) in space to slow it down. This "coasting" is known as "free fall". That does not mean the rocket is falling down towards the Earth but that it is traveling freely in space without the aid of power, like a bicycle coasting downhill.

Free fall is an important feature of space travel: it would be impossible to carry enough fuel to provide powered flight all the time.

What is the most important factor for a rocket to escape from the Earth？

A．To travel as fast as it can.

B．To overcome the Earth gravity.

C．To get away from the air resistance.

D．To have strong power in its operation.

Escaping from the Earth

The Earth has a force that pulls things toward itself. We call this force gravity(地心引力). This is something we live with all the time, and we take it for granted and hardly ever think about it. But it is a most important factor in rocket operation and must be overcome if we are to get anywhere in space, or off the ground at all.

Take the throwing of a ball as an example. The harder the ball is thrown, the faster and higher it will go. What is the secret？ Its speed. If we could throw the ball hard enough it would go up and up forever and never come down. The speed at which it would have to be thrown to do this is known as escape speed. Of course, we cannot throw a ball hard enough because the speed required to escape completely from the Earth's gravity is seven miles per second, or over twenty-five thousand miles per hour.

Once escape speed has been reached by a spacecraft(宇宙飞船), no further power is needed. A rocket aimed at the Moon, for instance, will "coast"(滑行) the rest of the way because the Earth's gravity cannot then pull it back, and there is no air resistance(阻力) in space to slow it down. This "coasting" is known as "free fall". That does not mean the rocket is falling down towards the Earth but that it is traveling freely in space without the aid of power, like a bicycle coasting downhill.

Free fall is an important feature of space travel: it would be impossible to carry enough fuel to provide powered flight all the time.

What is the most important factor for a rocket to escape from the Earth？

A．To travel as fast as it can.

B．To overcome the Earth gravity.

C．To get away from the air resistance.

D．To have strong power in its operation.

Escaping from the Earth

The Earth has a force that pulls things toward itself. We call this force gravity(地心引力). This is something we live with all the time, and we take it for granted and hardly ever think about it. But it is a most important factor in rocket operation and must be overcome if we are to get anywhere in space, or off the ground at all.

Take the throwing of a hall as an example. The harder the ball is thrown, the faster and higher it will go. What is the secret？ Its speed. If we could throw the ball hard enough it would go up and up forever and never come down. The speed at which it would have to be thrown to do this is known as escape speed. Of course, we cannot throw a ball hard enough because the speed required to escape completely from the Earth's gravity is seven miles per second, or over twenty-five thousand miles per hour.

Once escape speed has been reached by a spacecraft(宇宙飞船), no further power is needed. A rocket aimed at the Moon, for instance, will "coast"(滑行) the rest of the way be cause the Earth's gravity cannot then pull it back, and there is no air resistance(阻力) in space to slow it down. This "coasting" is known as "free fall". That does not mean the rocket is falling down towards the Earth but that it is traveling freely in space without the aid of power, like a bicycle coasting downhill.

Free fall is an important feature of space travel: it would be impossible to carry enough fuel to provide powered flight all the time.

What is the most important factor for a rocket to escape from the Earth？

A．To travel as fast as it can.

B．To overcome the Earth gravity.

C．To get away from the air resistance.

D．To have strong power in its operation.

ages, countless attempts were made: men constructed wings, fastened them to their arms and legs and jumped off towers and hilltops. These "bird-men" flapped (拍动) their wings for a short space of time and then fell to the ground.

【B1】What was not realized in those early years was that birds have muscles very much stronger, in proportion to their size, than men. Human limbs cannot provide sufficient strength to lift the body off the ground.【B2】The secret of flight did not lie in the making of wings, but in discovering the right kind of power, and how to use it.

In the 18th century, the invention of the hot-air balloon by the Montgolfier brothers of France was seen as a great step forward,【B3】But balloons and the cigar-shaped airship, which was invented slightly later, did not solve the problem of flying because they had no means of power or control. So the difficulty remained: a true flying machine which was heavier than air and capable of carrying people was still to be invented.【B4】Experiments were carried out in many countries, sometimes with models driven by steam engines, but these were too heavy to be used in an airplane with a pilot. The answer finally came at the beginning of this century with the invention of the internal combustion engine (内燃机)--the kind used in motor cars. Here at last was a powerful, yet comparatively light engine, driven by petrol and capable of being fitted into an airplane.

In 1903, two Americans, the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright, flew a powered airplane for the first time. Their success encouraged designers everywhere.【B5】Although there were now newer, different problems, mainly to do with safety and the training of pilots, progress was rapid. These were exciting days and interest was intense. The age of airplane arrived.

What was not realized in those early years was that birds have muscles very much stronger, in proportion to their size, than men.

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

The Earth has a force that pulls things toward itself. We call this force gravity(地心引力). This is something we live with all the time, and we take it for granted and hardly ever think about it. But it is a most important factor in rocket operation and must be overcome if we are to get anywhere in space, or off the ground at all.

Take the throwing of a ball as an example. The harder the ball is thrown, the faster and higher it will go. What is the secret？ It's speed. If we could throw the ball hard enough it would go up and up forever and never come down. The speed at which it would have to be thrown to do this is known as escape speed. Of course, we cannot throw a ball hard enough because the speed required to escape completely from' the Earth's gravity is seven miles per second, or over twenty-five thousand miles per hour.

Once escape speed has been reached by a spacecraft(宇宙飞船), no further power is needed. A rocket aimed at the Moon, for instance, will "coast"(滑行) the rest of the way because the Earth's gravity cannot then pull it back, and there is no air resistance(阻力) in space to slow it down. This "coasting" is known as "free fall". That does not mean the rocket is falling down towards the Earth but that it is traveling freely in space without the aid of power, like a bicycle coasting downhill.

Free fall is an important feature of space travel: it would be impossible to carry enough fuel to provide powered flight all the time.

What is the most important factor for a rocket to escape from the Earth？

A．To travel as fast as it can.

B．To overcome the Earth gravity.

C．To get away from the air resistance.

D．To have strong power in its operation.

s of parking. Its shops include a Dairy Queen, a Victoria's Secret and a purveyor of comic T-shirts. It may not seem like a landmark, as important to architectural history as the Louvre or New York's Woolworth Building. But it is. "oh, my god!" chimes a group of teenage girls, on learning that they are standing in the world's first true shopping mall. "That is the coolest thing anybody has said to us all day. "

In the past half century Southdale and its many imitators have transformed shopping habits, urban economies and teenage speech. America now has some 1,100 enclosed shopping malls, according to the International Council of Shopping Centres. Clones have appeared from Chennai to Martinique. Yet the mall's story is far from triumphal. Invented by a European socialist who hated cars and came to deride his own creation, it has a murky future. While malls continue to multiply outside America, they are gradually dying in the country that pioneered them.

Southdale's creator arrived in America as a refugee from Nazi-occupied Vienna. Victor Gruen was a Jewish bohemian who began to design shops for fellow immigrants in New York after failing in cabaret theatre. His work was admired partly for its uncluttered, modernist look, which seemed revolutionary in 1930s America. But Gruen's secret was the way he used arcades and eye-level display cases to lure customers into stores almost against their will. As a critic complained, his shops were like mousetraps. A few years later the same would be said of his shopping malls.

By the 1940s department stores were already moving to the suburbs. Some had begun to build adjacent strips of shops, which they filled with boutiques in an attempt to re-create urban shopping districts. In 1947 a shopping centre opened in Los Angeles featuring two department stores, a cluster of small shops and a large car park. It was, in effect, an outdoor shopping mall. Fine for balmy southern California, perhaps, but not for Minnesota's harsh climate. Commissioned to build a shopping centre at Southdale in 1956, Gruen threw a roof over the structure and installed an air-conditioning system to keep the temperature at 75°F (24℃)—which a contemporary press release called "Eternal Spring". The mall was born.

Gruen got an extraordinary number of things right first time. He built a sloping road around the perimeter of the mall, so that half of the shoppers entered on the ground floor and half on the first floor-something that became a standard feature of malls. Southdale's balconies were low, so that shoppers could see the shops on the floor above or below them. The car park had animal signs to help shoppers remember the way back to their vehicles. It was as though Orville and Wilbur Wright had not just discovered powered flight but had built a plane with tray tables and a duty-free service.

According to the text, which of the following is TRUE？

A．Southdale will be closed soon.

B．Shopping malls are flourishing all over the world.

C．After long time of prosperity, shopping malls in US is gradually declining.

D．Shopping mall is an American creation.

National Geographic Lifts Veil on Air Force One

Until Franklin D. Roosevelt, no U. S. President traveled by air while in office. World War Ⅱ changed that, and since then an executive aircraft has been an indispensable tool of the Presidency.

But keeping the President safe from assassins and in command of the government and U. S.armed services at all times, anywhere in the world, requires a huge security and support staff—and a flying for tress as secure and technologically equipped as the Oval Office itself.

As the Presidency evolved, so has Air Force One, as the presidential aircraft is officially known. The President's personal aircraft has become larger, faster, and a potent symbol of political and diplomatic power.

Crammed with secret military technology, including anti-missile defense and encrypted communications, Air Force One has remained largely off limits to news cameras. A new television documentary shot for National Geographic, airing in the United States July 11, offers a rare glimpse at the facilities on board the custom-built Boeing 747 and the many people who keep the executive plane .aloft.

"As you can imagine, the security is pretty ferocious on Air Force One," said Peter Schnall, the producer-director for Air Force One. "And yet, we were allowed to see things that nobody else has seen, and were allowed to film things that nobody else has ever filmed. And in such situations, things arc still kept secret, classified, and for the fight reasons."

Former Presidents Recollect The documentary offers rare footage of the inside of Air Force One, from the cockpit and communications room to the presidential suite and various meeting rooms.

The film follows an actual journey made by President Clinton on a swing through several cities in the United States. Details of the intricate planning and preparations for a presidential journey arc revealed.

Viewers witness many of the myriad functions involved in any presidential travel, as when the Secret Service sends out advance teams, tests and seals the aircraft fuel, dispatches agents to check runways for debris, issues "orders to shoot" if there is a threat during the President's boarding or disembarking, and travels ahead in separate aircraft to deliver the President's bullet-proof limousine and an arsenal of small arms in case of an ambush.

The documentary describes how all the U.S. armed services arc involved in moving the President a round the country. It focuses on the officer who carries the "football," or briefcase that contains the launch codes and authority for the President to launch nuclear-tipped missiles in the event of an attack against the United States.

Former crew members and passengers, including several ex-Presidents, share anecdotes about life on board.

Daily Routines Two kitchens in Air Force One turn out gourmet meals, including birthday cakes when needed. The President may sleep in a full-size bed, relax on a sofa, take a shower, or work behind a desk.

A special communications compartment enables the President and other officials to make encrypted phone calls to anywhere on Earth. During the film viewers learn that in' one such call, former President Clinton called a friend who was driving on a freeway.

Former Presidents Carter, Bush, and Clinton have fond memories of Air Force One, Schnall said.

"The plane, to them, really represents a place where they can be themselves, relax and get away from the demands of the White House and the Oval Office," Schnall explained. "Former President Bush would sometimes go to Andrews Air Force Base the night before the flight, get on board, go to sleep on the airplane, and wake up in the air."

Viewers learn that Air Force One is a powerful diplomatic and political tool that Presidents use frequently to influence votes in Congress or to impress international allies and foes. It may

A．Y

B．N

C．NG