题目内容（请给出正确答案）

[主观题]

Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that w

e can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: when will I be blown up？ Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and sweat.

He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed, love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeat in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity, or compassion. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.

Until he relearns these things he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has changed and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.

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更多“Our tragedy today is a general…”相关的问题

第1题

SECTION 1Compulsory Translation(30 points) It is not my contention that chemical insectici

SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points)

It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem.

I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.

There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat. This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame. into which it fits. It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide applications, it is fed little tranquilizing pills of half truth. We urgently need an end to these false assurances, to the sugar coating of unpalatable facts. It is the public that is being asked to assume the risks that the insect controllers calculate. The public must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it can do so only when in full possession of the facts. In the words of Jean Rostand, "The obligation to endure gives us the right to know."

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第2题

下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。中国人历来重视教育，实施“独生子女”政策后尤为如此。中

下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。

中国人历来重视教育，实施“独生子女”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。

近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。现在每个在校生的教育费用有三分之一来自政府以外的渠道，

在中国，考取大学的竞争十分激烈，因而越来越多的学生选择到国外，特别是英国深造。现在去英国深造的中国学生人数超过了任何一个西方国家。据中国驻英使馆统计，目前英国共有6.5万名中国留学生。这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达2.5亿英镑的学费收入。

在建国以来的55年里，中国在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。据联合国称，1949年中国的文盲率高达80%，而到了2002年中国的文盲率已降至15%以下。

尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在129个国家里仅名列第100名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。

为了进一步提高教育水平，中国政府计划到2010年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值4%的水平。而在10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的2.6%。

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第3题

SECTION 2Optional Translation(30 points)For the first time in the history of the world, ev

SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points)

For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds — and in man himself. For these chemicals arc now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mother's milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child.

All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemicals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man.

The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides.

What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain ceils the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy.

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第4题

Because the aircraft industry needs ever-increasing quantities of aluminium plate, new equ

ipment has been designed to automate the making of it. It includes a huge heat-treatment furnace, a crane that lifts hot metal plates without damaging them, and a computer system that can manage the complete flow of work.

Five years ago, Europe's aircraft industry needed only 8,000 tonnes of aluminium plate a year for its products. Last year the figure reached 21,800 tonnes. By 2004 it should total 30,000 tonnes. Each airliner contains 180 tonnes of it. That is why the plant is being rebuilt to increase both the quality and the amount of its product.

Aluminium is alloyed with other metals and cast into ingots, and the surface of the ingots is smoothed off. After pre-heating, it is rolled in a mill that can take 3.75-m-wide slabs. The new equipment can make the process more efficient and can produce a better product. For example, computers control the temperature of the hot plates, the rate at which they pass through the mill, the speed of cooling it with water, and so on.

The new plant can handle twice the throughput of the one that it is replacing, thanks to the completely automated and computerized process.

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第5题

当今是法行天下的时代。国运之兴盛，政治之昌明，社会之稳定，经济之发展，民族之团结，文化之繁荣，人

民之安居乐业，都离不开法律之维系和法律之保障。中国也不例外。一个国家采取什么样的治国方略，关系着国家的前途和命运。

20世纪末，拥有十二亿人口的中国向全世界宣示了它的治国方略——依法治国，并在此道路上迈出了坚实的步伐：一个适应社会主义市场经济的法律体系正在发育成熟；一个转变政府职能、严格依法行政的变革正在有序进行；一场围绕公正与效率的司法体制改革正在不断深化；一项把法律交给亿万人民的宏大社会工程正在深入持久地进行。

诸位知道，实现经济发展，宪法是最重要最根本的法律保障。新中国成立初期，对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业完成社会主义改造后，公有制成了主要所有制模式，私有经济没有合法的地位；计划经济成了主要的经济体制模式，企业自身没有经营的自主权；按劳分配成了主要的分配模式，公民没有按劳分配收入外的其他收入。在这种经济制度下，中国的经济发展非常缓慢。

1978年，中国开始实行改革开放。1988年，中国对现行宪法进行第一次修正，确认了私有经济的合法地位；1993年，中国对现行宪法又进行了修正，明确国家实行社会主义市场经济。宪法的变革，促进了公有经济和私有经济的共同发展，促进了国家综合国力的增强和人民生活的改善，给中国的政治、经济、社会生活带来了深刻变革。

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第6题

女士们，先生们：金秋十月，北京气候宜人，中国国际投资贸易论坛今天在这里隆重召开了。我很高兴能够

女士们，先生们：

金秋十月，北京气候宜人，中国国际投资贸易论坛今天在这里隆重召开了。我很高兴能够应邀出席本次论坛，首先我谨代表中华人民共和国商务部向远道而来的国内外朋友表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢。[TONE]∥[TONE]

众所周知，通过双向贸易和投资，中国在世界经济增长中正发挥着日益重要的带动作用。以去年为例，中国以占世界4%的国内生产总值，对世界经济的增长做出了10%的贡献；以占世界6%的外贸额，为世界贸易的增长做出了12%的贡献。[TONE]∥[TONE]

中国拥有巨大而且持续增长的进口需求。近5年，中国进口的年均增长率超过了28%。这种大幅快速增长的进口，将为世界经济提供广阔的市场。“经济学家))周刊指出，在2000～2001年美国的股市泡沫破裂之后，由于中国的强劲发展，整个世界逃脱了衰退的一劫，中国和美国被称为世界经济两大火车头。[TONE]∥[TONE]

十年前，有人还担心或怀疑中国是否能保持稳定。现在，恐怕全世界绝大多数人都不怀疑中国的稳定和秩序了。中国人常说，“疾风知劲草，路遥知马力”，十年又过去了，中国不仅没有乱，而且越来越好，这种长期稳定和有序的环境对各国的投资者来说，也是个定心丸。[TONE]∥[TONE]

但我想强调，中国仍然是发展中国家，还存在许多困难和问题。作为发展中国家，中国的许多产业尚不具备国际竞争力，但我们不怕巨大的压力和竞争的挑战。在加入wT0后，我们恪守承诺，清理并修订了约3,000部法律法规，涉外经济法律体系建设不断完善，市场化进程取得了更大的进展。[TONE]∥[TONE]

女士们，先生们，不久前，中国领导人提出了建设和谐社会的目标。中国古时候就讲和气生财，也就是说做生意要和气，中国是礼仪之邦，愿广交世界的朋友，并在全面协调可持续发展中，为各国投资者创造更好的环境，带来更多的财富。谢谢大家。[TONE]∥[TONE]

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第7题

长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的

游客挤得水泄不通。

中国人修筑城墙的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。

清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长城。不过，清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护，禁止拆砖。但是，岁月的流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。

十几年来，蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了长城的修缮工程。目前，多处长城已经修复，或正在修缮中。

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第8题

移动电话正在成为21世纪一个主要的技术领域。在几年之内，移动电话将会发展成为多功能的通信工具，

除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。

在一定程度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票交易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。

电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源。

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第9题

I am pleased to welcome you to the United Nations for this first meeting of your contact g

roup.

Your focus on food security in Africa comes at a crucial time. The latest food crisis on the continent has brought home to us, more than ever before, the urgent need for a strategy to break the pattern of recurrent crises and bring about a Green Revolution in Africa. But achieving this will require radical approaches on multiple fronts.

Africa has faced food crises in the past; it has faced deadly diseases; it has struggled to come to terms with governance challenges in states with limited capacity and resources.

But rarely has the continent had to face the kind of intersecting challenges we see today. Today, Africa faces a deadly triad of related burdens -- food insecurity, HIV/AIDS and an emaciated capacity to govern and provide services.

We cannot find viable solutions to the challenge of food security unless we address the challenges of AIDS and governance at the same time.

Food insecurity in Africa has structural causes. Most African farmers farm small plots of land that do not produce enough to meet the needs of their families. The problem is compounded by the farmers' lack of bargaining power and lack of access to land, finance and technology.

This further weakens farmers' ability to withstand the impact of recurrent drought and the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Thirty million Africans now live with HIV, and the continent has borne the brunt of more than 20 million AIDS deaths worldwide. In some areas of Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is HIV-positive, and similar proportions are going hungry.

The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS on food production -- with seven million African farmers already dead -- is only too obvious. Infection rates are rising among African women. The latest figures show that women make up 58 percent of Africans already infected.

Because of AIDS, skills and knowledge are dying out rather than being passed from one generation to the next. Both at the household level and the government level, resources are being diverted from food production to health care. In turn, food shortages fuel the disease, through malnutrition, poverty and inequality.

Clearly, breaking this destructive cycle poses a huge challenge to governance. It will require strong institutions, improved skills and innovative policies. But in an irony so typical of the age of AIDS, Africa's ability to govern and to provide services is itself being stretched to breaking point by the disease.

This interlocking set of issues facing Africa is far greater than the sum of its parts. Ad-dressing the issue I have raised requires a new, integrated response from both the Governments of Africa and the international community. It requires a shift from short-term approaches to a reassessment of our entire strategy for development -- or, taking long-term measures even when addressing short-term emergencies. Ladies and gentlemen,

The United Nations family is already joining forces to mount the coordinated effort needed. I hope you will work across the board with us, and with the Governments of Africa, in developing the range of revolutionary approaches we need to tackle the deadly triad and break the pattern of food crises in Africa.

I opened my remarks with a message of despair; let me close with one hope. Yes, this is an unprecedented set of challenges. But your presence here today tells me that we have unprecedented consensus on the need to confront them. Together, we must mobilize the political will to succeed.

Thank you very much.

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第10题

I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want

to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. "We have three of the oldest known," he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a 16th-century instruction: "He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet."

I want to take the measure of Cuba's past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cuba's long reign as counting house and command center for Spain's New World colonies.

I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine.

On another day, in fading light, I walk the ramparts of E1 Morro, its lighthouse standing tall over Havana's harbor. The old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havana's past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes the end of day. In Spanish times the cannon signaled the closing of the city gates and the drawing of a great chain across the harbor. Now the nightly ritual keeps open the sea-lane of memory between colonial past and present nationhood.

Near the waterfront of Old Havana stands the Palace of the Captains General. Once the headquarters of the Spanish bureaucracy that governed Cuba, the palace now is the Museum of the city. Light and shadow play along its walls of coral limestone. Royal palms rustle in its lust courtyard. Up a stone stairway a gallery leads to the spacious office of Eusebio Leal Spengler, historian of the city of Havana and preserver of its past. A slight, precise man in a well-tailored dark suit, he is the obvious ruler of the palace.

We had hardly shaken hands before he began rapidly talking about Havana, a city he sees simultaneously in past and present. The jewels I had viewed in the vault were about to become part of the treasure he guards for Cuba. He has selected an old fort to be their new home. "This," he said with a sweep of his hand, "is the city that changed history. Because of a decision by Philip Ⅱ all ships had to gather here to carry treasure back to Spain. And what treasure! Silk and aromatic wood from China, emeralds, silver."

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