题目内容（请给出正确答案）

[主观题]

United States government, and the American people. Its history, and the history ofthe nati

United States government, and the American people. Its history, and the history of

the nation's capital, began when President George Washington signed an Act of

Congress in December of 1790 declaring what the federal government would reside in a 【S1】______

district "not exceeding ten mile square on the river Potomac. "President Washington, 【S2】______

together with city planner Pierre L'Enfant, chose the site for the new residence,that is【S3】______

now 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. As preparations began for the new federal city, a

competition was held to find a builder of the "President's House. ' Nine proposals were

submited, and Irish-born architect 【S4】______

James Hoban won a golden medal for his practical and handsome design. Construction 【S5】______

began when the first cornerstone was layed in October of 1792. Although President 【S6】______

Washington oversaw the construction of the house, but he never lived in it. 【S7】______

It was until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first 【S8】______

residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in. Since that time,

each President made his own changes and additions. The White House is, after all,the 【S9】______

President's public home.It is also the only private residence of a head of state that's 【S10】______

open to the public, free of charge.

【S1】

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更多“United States government, and …”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：The first postal service in North America began in NewEngland （33)in the 17th cen

听力原文： The first postal service in North America began in New England (33)in the 17th century. All mail arriving in Massachusetts colony was sent to the home of appointed official in Boston. In turn, he would deliver the mail from Boston on horseback to its destination, receiving one penny for each good article of mail. Later in the century postal services were established between Philadelphia and Delaware. (34) In 1691, the British crown appointed the first postmaster general to have charge of the mail for all the colonies in North America. Later, Benjamin Franklin served as the postmaster general for the British government and then was made postmaster by the newly formed United States govern ment. (35)Franklin was responsible for establishing the United States'postal systems on a permanent basis. He in creased the number of post office, introduced the use of stagecoaches to carry mail, and started a package service system. They were used to carry mail into the towns. Some communities, especially those out west, were far from the services of transportation. To serve them, the post office developed a system called "star routes". Private contractors paid to deliver mail to the communities from railways by horse and wagon. The postal service, which was (32) started over 3 centuries ago, has developed into an extensive government service with post offices in every city, town, and village in the United States.

(33)

A．The history of Benjamin Franklin.

B．The history of the U.S. mail.

C．The Changes of writing letters.

D．The history of U. S.

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第2题

For all young Australians who are neither certified as insane nor serving prison sentences

of a year or more, a solemn public duty follows hot on the heels of the excitement of their twenty-first birthday. They must register as voters. Having done so, they cannot, as can some American or English adults if they so wish, then forget all about it—voting is compulsory in Australia. Failure to vote without a "true, valid, and sufficient reason" can result in a fine for an Australian citizen. Australians must vote frequently, too, for in proportion to its size, Australia is a much-governed country. For its ten million persons it has seven parliaments—one for each of six states and one commonwealth, or federal, parliament with representatives from all states. Every adult, unless he lives in one of the two territories that do not have state status, must do his share in electing both state and federal representatives. Whats more, with only one exception, these parliaments have two houses each and comprise among them 701 members. This may seem a great many politicians to govern Australias relatively small population of ten million especially when one considers that 630 members of Britains House of Commons govern forty million people. But just as government in the United States and England developed gradually as the result of events in those two countries, so the Australian system has developed in response to the needs of the nation.

What follows an Australians twenty-first birthday？

A．Termination of any prison sentence.

B．Public solemnity.

C．Voting in a national election.

D．Registration to vote.

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第3题

For all young Australians who are neither certifie...

For all young Australians who are neither certified as insane nor serving prison sentences of a year or more, a solemn public duty follows hot on the heels of the excitement of their twenty-first birthday. They must register as voters. Having done so, they cannot, as can some American or English adults if they so wish, then forget all about it—voting is compulsory in Australia. Failure to vote without a "true, valid, and sufficient reason" can result in a fine for an Australian citizen. Australians must vote frequently, too, for in proportion to its size, Australia is a much-governed country. For its ten million persons it has seven parliaments—one for each of six states and one commonwealth, or federal, parliament with representatives from all states. Every adult, unless he lives in one of the two territories that do not have state status, must do his share in electing both state and federal representatives. Whats more, with only one exception, these parliaments have two houses each and comprise among them 701 members. This may seem a great many politicians to govern Australias relatively small population of ten million especially when one considers that 630 members of Britains House of Commons govern forty million people. But just as government in the United States and England developed gradually as the result of events in those two countries, so the Australian system has developed in response to the needs of the nation.

What follows an Australians twenty-first birthday？

A．Termination of any prison sentence.

B．Public solemnity.

C．Voting in a national election.

D．Registration to vote.

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第4题

请根据以下内容回答下列各题 This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished

statements arenumbered 41 to 45. The United States is a democracy, which means that thecitizens run the government. Since we can t all make the rules, we electrepresentatives--our president, vice-president, senators, congressmen,governors, and others who make the laws and govern our country based on thebeliefs of the people. These elected officials help pass laws that reflect theinterests of their constituents, the people who live within the areas theyrepresent. Since the right to choose theserepresentatives is in the hands of the people, it is very important that every-one in a community go to the polls to cast their ballots(投票). If only a few peoplevote, then the elected repre- sentatives may not truly represent the interestsof the full community. Some day you may disagree with a decisionmade by your governor, state and federal(联邦的) representa- tives, or the president. Thebest way to make your opinion known is to go to the polls and elect newofficials whom you believe will better represent you in the future. By notvoting, you are in effect giving up your right to help make changes in ourcountry. During a presidential election, whenmillions of people exercise the fight to vote, you might think that your singlevote won t make a difference. Remember, every vote counts. Even if thecandidates you support arch t elected, you ve still had a hand in shaping thecountry s future. TheUnited States is a democracy in that

A.the government is elected by the citizens

B.the rules and laws are made by the people

C.what the president does is under permission ofall the citizens

D.everyone has a right to make changes in itsfuture

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第5题

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic value

s, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws。

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that_________.

A．both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries

B．defendants are immune from trial by their peers

C．no age limit should be imposed for jury service

D．judgment should consider the opinion of the public

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第6题

Skeletal remains with animal bone blades tied to the feet testify to skating's existence a

s early as 10,000 BC. These remains were found in the Netherlands. Scandinavia is called the mother of skating because of the sport's popularity there, beginning around 1000AD. Ice skating was primarily a means of transportation at first, although documents from the Netherlands indicate that speed races were held in towns as early as the 15th century.

American athlete Jackson Haines is known as the father of modem figure skating. Haines was born in 1840 in New York City. After studying dance and ballet, he became a dancing master and applied his dancing techniques to figure skating. He performed around the world and became well known for his imaginative and artistic techniques. Haines' s style. was enthusiastically received in Europe and eventually became accepted internationally.

The formation of national and international skating organizations began during the 1890s. In 1892 the International Skating Union (ISU) was established. Today the ISU defines the rules and sets performance standards for speed skating, figure skating, and ice dancing competitions. Also in the late 1800s the National Amateur Skating Association of the United States and the International Skating Union of America were founded. In 1921 national standards were set down for skating, and the United States Figure Skating Association (USFSA) was formed to govern the sport in the United States, superseding the earlier organizations. Speed skating in the United States is governed by the United States International Speed Skating Association and the Amateur Speedskating Union of the United States, both of which are affiliated with the ISU.

The first official men's world speed skating championships were held in 1893. Women's world champion- snip speed skating events first took place 'in 1947. The first men's world figure skating championships were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1896, and in 1906 the first women's championships were held in Davos, Switzerland. Figure skating was included in the Summer Olympics of 1908 and 1920 and at the first Winter Olympics in 1924, where men's speed skating events were also held. Women's speed skating made its Olympic debut in the 1960 Olympic Games. Ice dancing was added to Olympic competition in 1976, and short-track speed skating was first included in the 1988 Games.

Norway's Sonja Henie played a large role in popularizing figure skating during the 1920s and 1930s. On the strength of her athletic jumps, modem costumes, and inventive choreography she won gold medals at the Winter Olympic Games in 1928, 1932, and 1936. Henie later skated in ice shows and in motion pictures, inspiring many people to take up skating. American skater Dick Button, a five-time world champion and two-time Olympic gold medalist, brought outstanding athleticism to skating. Along with inventing the flying camel sit spin, he was also the first skater to successfully complete a double axel and a triple jump in competition. In the

1970s Soviet pairs skaters Oleg and Ludmila Protopopov transformed pairs skating with their elegant, bailetlike movements. In the 1980s British ice dancers Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean dominated competition with innovative routines that broke away from ice dancing traditions.

The development of modem speed skating is credited to Jaap Eden, a Dutch skater bom in 1873. He set a world record in 1894, completing a 5000-meter race in 8 minutes 37.6 seconds. Since then Eden' s record has been broken many times and today the best skaters complete the same distance in a little over 6 minutes, primarily as a result of more sophisticated training methods. Other successful speed skaters include Eric Heiden of the United States, a three-time world champion who won five gold medals during the 1980 Winter Olympics; Norway's Johann Olav Koss, who set three new world records during the 1994 Winter O

A．American athlete Jackson Haines.

B．Norway's Sonja Henie.

C．American skater Dick Button.

D．Dutch skater Jaap Eden.

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第7题

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic value

s, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin ; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in july selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

From the principles of the US jury system,we learn that______.

A．both literate and illiterate people can sever on juries

B．defendants are immune from trial by their peers

C．no age limit should be imposed for jury service

D．judgment should consider the opinion of the public

点击查看答案

第8题

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic value

s, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws。

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that_________.

A．both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries

B．defendants are immune from trial by their peers

C．no age limit should be imposed for jury service

D．judgment should consider the opinion of the public

点击查看答案

第9题

Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your un

Landfills

You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don't think about the waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don't have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.

Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash？ Some gets recycled or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.

How Much Trash Is Generated？

Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.

How Is Trash Disposed of？

The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.

What Is a Landfill？

There are two ways to bury trash:

Dump--an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people's idea of a landfill!)

Landfill--carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.

Sanitary landfill--landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment

Municipal solid waste (MSW) LANDFILL--landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment .

The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.

Proposing the Landfill

For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.

In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done one the proposed site to determine:

the area of land necessary for the landfill

the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock

the flow of surface water over the site

the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife

the historical value of the proposed site

Building the Landfill

Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have bee

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

点击查看答案

第10题

LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your une

Landfills

You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don' t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don't have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.

Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash？ Some gets recycled(回收利用)or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.

How Much Trash Is Generated？

Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled(glass, paper products, plastic, metals)or composted(做成堆肥)(yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.

How Is Trash Disposed of？

The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries(United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan)in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying 'about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.

What Is a Landfill？

There are two ways to bury trash:

Dump - an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals(rats, mice, birds).(This is most people' s idea of a landfill! )

Landfill - carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment(groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.

Sanitary landfill - landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment

Municipal solid waste(MSW)landfill - landfill that uses a synthetic(plastic)liner to isolate the trash from the environment

The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂)much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.

Proposing the Landfill

For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:

the area of land necessary for the landfill

the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock

the flow of surface water over the site

the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife

the historical value of the proposed site

Building the Landfill

Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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