A.can not complete his work in a noisy situation
B.will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution
C.can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories
D.may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding
第1题
Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(even temporary ones), people would have more anger and less cooperation; In more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. Some researchers, who study various aspects of effect of noise in people's mental life, maintain that noise, either temporary noise or permanent noise, often destroy creativity and activity by disturbing people's emotion and make them more easily annoyed and hard to cooperate.
However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels(分贝). "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise(that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically.
Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.
According to the passage, people () .
A.can not complete his work in a noisy situation
B.will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution
C.can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories
D.may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding
第2题
Which of the following statements about mental health can be inferred from paragraph 3?
A.Many psychologists have challenged the idea that mental health is related to positive illusions.
B.Psychologists have only recently begun to consider positive illusions as symptoms of mental disorder.
C.Psychologists now agree that more mental health research is needed to learn how people can gain an accurate perception of reality.
D.Some psychologists now believe that people who lack a realistic self-perception may actually be mentally healthy.
第3题
71.In the earlier part of its history the______of technology was almost independent of science.(evolve)
72.It is______to note that recent advances in radio astronomy have allowed much greater accuracy to be achieved, and Einstein's prediction is now verified within about 1 percent.(gratify)
73.Used in police interrogation and investigation since 1924, the lie detector is still______among psychologists and not always judicially acceptable. (controvert)
74.Bursts of creativity often follow a period of “incubation”, sometimes even of depression and may result from mental activity beyond the reach of______(conscious)
75.For a hundred years an______peace prevailed in Europe, leaving the powers free to pursue interests in other parts of the world.(ease)
第4题
Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question【34】environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the【35】of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children【36】freedom to play, develop at their own【37】, and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now【38】of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4- year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too【39】and thereby depriving them of their【40】.
(21)
A.older
B.taller
C.Stronger
D.smarter
第5题
Power seekers strive hard to 【C5】______ positions where they can 【C6】______ authority 【C7】______ large numbers of people.
Individual performers who lack this 【C8】______ are not likely to 【C9】______ far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company politics and 【C10】______ their energies to other types of activities. The power 【C11】______ is part of management, and it is played best by those who enjoy it 【C12】______ .
One of the least rational 【C13】______ of business organizations is that of 【C14】______ managers who have a 【C15】______ need to exercise authority, and then teaching them that authoritative 【C16】______ are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative. It is a serious mistake to teach managers that they should 【C17】______ styles that are inconsistent 【C18】______ their unique personalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number of business organizations are doing; and it explains, 【C19】______, why their management development programs are not 【C20】______ .
【C1】
A.move
B.motive
C.exercise
D.objective
第6题
According to the passage, people ______.
A.can net work in a noisy situation
B.will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution
C.can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories
D.may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding
第7题
SECTION 3
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Behavioral psychologists apprehend that conditioned fear responses to a
tone previously paired with a shock diminish, if the tone is repeatedly presented
without the shock, a process known as extinction. Since Pavlov it has been
Line hypothesized that this extinction does not erase conditioning, but forms a new
(5) memory. Research has now demonstrated that destruction of the infralimbic
cortice blocks recall of fear extinction, indicating that it might store long-term
extinction memory. Infralimbic neurons recorded during fear conditioning and
extinction fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the
following day, and rats indicating the least fear responses also demonstrate the
(10) greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses. Conditioned tones paired with
brief electrical stimulation of infralimbic cortex elicit low fear responses in rats
that have not undergone extinction. Thus, stimulation resembling extinction-
induced infralimbic tone responses is able to simulate extinction memory.
According to the passage, behavioral psychologists studying the extinction process have discerned which of the following?
A.The exact length of time required for a fear response to become extinct in a human subject
B.The effect of tone conditioning in comparison with other forms of stimuli
C.The possible effects of surgical operations on the infralimbic cortice
D.The potential of tone conditioning in treating undesirable fear responses
E.The limits of Pavlov's contribution to modern behavioral psychology
第8题
SECTION 3
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Behavioral psychologists apprehend that conditioned fear responses to a
tone previously paired with a shock diminish, if the tone is repeatedly presented
without the shock, a process known as extinction. Since Pavlov it has been
Line hypothesized that this extinction does not erase conditioning, but forms a new
(5) memory. Research has now demonstrated that destruction of the infralimbic
cortice blocks recall of fear extinction, indicating that it might store long-term
extinction memory. Infralimbic neurons recorded during fear conditioning and
extinction fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the
following day, and rats indicating the least fear responses also demonstrate the
(10) greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses. Conditioned tones paired with
brief electrical stimulation of infralimbic cortex elicit low fear responses in rats
that have not undergone extinction. Thus, stimulation resembling extinction-
induced infralimbic tone responses is able to simulate extinction memory.
According to the passage, behavioral psychologists studying the extinction process have discerned which of the following?
A.The exact length of time required for a fear response to become extinct in a human subject
B.The effect of tone conditioning in comparison with other forms of stimuli
C.The possible effects of surgical operations on the infralimbic cortice
D.The potential of tone conditioning in treating undesirable fear responses
E.The limits of Pavlov's contribution to modern behavioral psychology
第9题
SECTION 3
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Behavioral psychologists apprehend that conditioned fear responses to a
tone previously paired with a shock diminish, if the tone is repeatedly presented
without the shock, a process known as extinction. Since Parlor it has been
hypothesized that this extinction does not erase conditioning, but forms a new
(5) memory. Research has now demonstrated that destruction of the infralimbic
cortice blocks recall of fear extinction, indicating that it might store long-term
extinction memory. Infralimbic neurons recorded during fear conditioning and
extinction fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the
following day, and rats indicating the least fear responses also demonstrate the
(10) greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses. Conditioned tones paired with
brief electrical stimulation of infralimbic cortex elicit low fear responses in rats
that have not undergone extinction. Thus, stimulation resembling extinction-induced
infralimbic tone responses is able to simulate extinction memory.
According to the passage, behavioral psychologists studying the extinction process have discerned which of the following?
A.The exact length of time required for a fear response to become extinct in a human subject
B.The effect of tone conditioning in comparison with other forms of stimuli
C.The possible effects of surgical operations on the infralimbic cortice
D.The potential of tone conditioning in treating undesirable fear responses
E.The limits of Pavlov's contribution to modern behavioral psychology
第10题
A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper(给...换尿布) their firstborn son. "You don't have to be so unhappy about it," she protested. "You can talk to him and smile a little." The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, "He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him."
Psychologists now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought(and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.
Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment—including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.
Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn't. He shuts out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.
When a mere nine minutes old, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery-room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he's twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.
The author points out that the father diapering his firstborn son was wrong because ______.
A.he thought the baby didn't have the power of speech
B.he believed the baby was not able to hear him
C.he was a psychologist unworthy of his profession
D.he thought the baby was not capable of any response
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