Reading comprehension
第1题
(1)
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience,
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia (目光短浅 ) or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.All international managers can learn culture.
B.Business diversity is not necessary.
C.Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D.Most people do not know foreign culture well.
第2题According to the author, the model of Pepsi___.
A.is in line with the theories of the school advocating business is business the world around
B.is different from the model of McDonald's
C.shows the reverse of globalization
D.has converged cultural differences
第3题The two schools of thought___ .
A.both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
B.both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
C.admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D.admit the converging of cultural difference
第4题This article is supposed to be most useful for those___ .
A.who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B.who have connections to more than one type of culture
C.who want to travel abroad
D.who want to run business on international scale
第5题 According to Fortune, successful international companies ___ .
A.earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
B.all have the quality of patience
C.will follow the overseas local cultures
D.adopt the policy of internationalization
第6题
(2)
Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy.
It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the well-being of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows to quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads, and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost ass much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel will lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.
Which of the following has most probably been discussed in the paragraph that goes before the passage?
A.It is extremely important to develop tourism
B.Building roads and hotels is essential.
C.Support facilities are highly necessary.
D.Planning is of great importance to tourism.
第7题Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT__ .
A.a bad impact on other industries
B.A change of tourists' customs
C.overcrowdedness of places of interest
D.pressure on traffic
第8题Not enough tourism can lead to___ .
A.an increase of unemployment
B.a decrease in tourist attractions
C.the higher cost of support facilities
D.arise in price and a fall in pay
第9题 It is good for local people to be well aware that tourism will___ .
A.use up a large amount of water
B.weaken their economy
C.help establish their traditions
D.help improve their life
第10题The word “ handle”in the last paragraph line 2 most probably means___ .
A.carry away
B.pick up
C.get in
D.take down
