Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(even temporary ones), people would have more anger and less cooperation; In more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. Some researchers, who study various aspects of effect of noise in people's mental life, maintain that noise, either temporary noise or permanent noise, often destroy creativity and activity by disturbing people's emotion and make them more easily annoyed and hard to cooperate. However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels(分贝). "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise(that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically. Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.According to the passage, people （） .

第1题

Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(even temporary ones), people would have more anger and less cooperation; In more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. Some researchers, who study various aspects of effect of noise in people's mental life, maintain that noise, either temporary noise or permanent noise, often destroy creativity and activity by disturbing people's emotion and make them more easily annoyed and hard to cooperate.

However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels(分贝). "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise(that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically.

Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.

According to the passage, people （） .

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第2题

Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(even temporary ones), people would have more anger and less cooperation; In more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. Some researchers, who study various aspects of effect of noise in people's mental life, maintain that noise, either temporary noise or permanent noise, often destroy creativity and activity by disturbing people's emotion and make them more easily annoyed and hard to cooperate.

However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels(分贝). "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise(that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically.

Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.

According to the passage, people （） .

A.can not complete his work in a noisy situation

B.will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution

C.can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories

D.may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding

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第3题

Which of the following statements about mental health can be inferred from paragraph 3？A．M

Which of the following statements about mental health can be inferred from paragraph 3？

A．Many psychologists have challenged the idea that mental health is related to positive illusions.

B．Psychologists have only recently begun to consider positive illusions as symptoms of mental disorder.

C．Psychologists now agree that more mental health research is needed to learn how people can gain an accurate perception of reality.

D．Some psychologists now believe that people who lack a realistic self-perception may actually be mentally healthy.

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第4题

Directions: Form a word from the word given at the end of each sentence. Write the word you have formed in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.

71.In the earlier part of its history the______of technology was almost independent of science.(evolve)

72.It is______to note that recent advances in radio astronomy have allowed much greater accuracy to be achieved, and Einstein's prediction is now verified within about 1 percent.(gratify)

73.Used in police interrogation and investigation since 1924, the lie detector is still______among psychologists and not always judicially acceptable. (controvert)

74.Bursts of creativity often follow a period of “incubation”, sometimes even of depression and may result from mental activity beyond the reach of______(conscious)

75.For a hundred years an______peace prevailed in Europe, leaving the powers free to pursue interests in other parts of the world.(ease)

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第5题

Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are re

ady to take on formal learning. Educators find that【21】toddlers are more likely to succeed during. their school careers.【22】their younger counterparts are more likely to【23】. Kindergarten children who turn five during the【24】half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it【25】physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten【26】to receive better grades and score higher on achievement【27】throughout their schooling experience【28】do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the【29】thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today's children【30】inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters【31】parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have【32】anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage【33】their less-pressured peers.

Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question【34】environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the【35】of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children【36】freedom to play, develop at their own【37】, and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now【38】of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4- year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too【39】and thereby depriving them of their【40】.

(21)

A．older

B．taller

C．Stronger

D．smarter

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第6题

What causes men to pursue top management？ Psychologists once believed that the 【C1】______

that caused men to strive to attain high-level managerial 【C2】______ was the "need for achievement". 【C3】______ now they believe it is the "need for 【C4】______ ".

Power seekers strive hard to 【C5】______ positions where they can 【C6】______ authority 【C7】______ large numbers of people.

Individual performers who lack this 【C8】______ are not likely to 【C9】______ far up the managerial ladder. They usually scorn company politics and 【C10】______ their energies to other types of activities. The power 【C11】______ is part of management, and it is played best by those who enjoy it 【C12】______ .

One of the least rational 【C13】______ of business organizations is that of 【C14】______ managers who have a 【C15】______ need to exercise authority, and then teaching them that authoritative 【C16】______ are wrong and that they should be consultative or participative. It is a serious mistake to teach managers that they should 【C17】______ styles that are inconsistent 【C18】______ their unique personalities. Yet this is precisely what a large number of business organizations are doing; and it explains, 【C19】______, why their management development programs are not 【C20】______ .

【C1】

A．move

B．motive

C．exercise

D．objective

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第7题

Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and b

ehaviors. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(even temporary ones), people behave more irritably and less cooperatively; in more permanent noisy situations, many people can not work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels. "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise(that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically. Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they en joy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy to hear sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.

According to the passage, people ______.

A．can net work in a noisy situation

B．will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution

C．can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories

D．may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding

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第8题

SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its cont

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Behavioral psychologists apprehend that conditioned fear responses to a

tone previously paired with a shock diminish, if the tone is repeatedly presented

without the shock, a process known as extinction. Since Pavlov it has been

Line hypothesized that this extinction does not erase conditioning, but forms a new

(5) memory. Research has now demonstrated that destruction of the infralimbic

cortice blocks recall of fear extinction, indicating that it might store long-term

extinction memory. Infralimbic neurons recorded during fear conditioning and

extinction fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the

following day, and rats indicating the least fear responses also demonstrate the

(10) greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses. Conditioned tones paired with

brief electrical stimulation of infralimbic cortex elicit low fear responses in rats

that have not undergone extinction. Thus, stimulation resembling extinction-

induced infralimbic tone responses is able to simulate extinction memory.

According to the passage, behavioral psychologists studying the extinction process have discerned which of the following？

A．The exact length of time required for a fear response to become extinct in a human subject

B．The effect of tone conditioning in comparison with other forms of stimuli

C．The possible effects of surgical operations on the infralimbic cortice

D．The potential of tone conditioning in treating undesirable fear responses

E．The limits of Pavlov's contribution to modern behavioral psychology

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第9题