Experimental research seeks to describe existing patterns in the data; no manipulation

Within the bounds of given data, the biographer seeks to illuminate factual information about a person and transform. it into insight.

A．concentration

B．networks

C．goals

D．constraints

______ basically seeks to find new employees through consultation with existing employees.

A.The compensation program

B.The training program

C.The employee referral program

D.The marketing program

Since the industrial revolution, government, society, and industry have attempted to channel technological progress in useful directions. Whether it is the printing press, the cotton gin the automobile or the Internet, technological innovations often have profound economic and social effects. To harness the benefits and minimize the more harmful effects of new technologies, modern governments use four basic approaches: specific direction, market incentives, criminal prohibition, and behavior. modification.

Specific direction starts with governments identifying one or more key factors in the R&D phase. Then, using a variety of means ranging from administrative regulation to outright state ownership, the government seeks to control the implementation of the technology.

Market incentives are the deliberate manipulation of the market by the government to control how a particularly technology is distributed and used. For example, some governments impose taxes to cover the hidden costs associated with the use of a particular technology. For example, raising gasoline taxes to pay for highway improvements. Other methods include the granting of subsidies to private researchers or the strengthening of intellectual property laws to give added incentives to developers.

Criminal prohibition usually takes place when strong opposition exists to a particular technology or field of research. In recent years, most developed countries have enacted legislation to ban the cloning of human beings. Other examples are the enforcement of clean air regulations that force power plants to emit fewer greenhouse gasses.

Finally, behavior. modification includes the use of the media, advertising, and government and corporate leadership to encourage a particular society to use a technology in a beneficial way. For example, while there is limited government regulation of the Internet, websites are encouraged to install safeguards to prevent children from viewing inappropriate material. A recent national advertising campaign recently boosted the percentage of New York residents who recycled by almost 25%. Such campaigns do not use direct government regulation, but instead appeal to the user's sense of civic duty or social responsibility.

Of all new technologies, perhaps none has changed the landscape and character of American life more than the automobile. Yet, the costs of this technology are not always reflected in the price of using the technology. For example, it costs an oil company $0.89 per gallon of gas produced. This same liter is sold to U.S. consumers at about $1.20 per gallon. Yet while this price reflects the cost of production plus a profit for the oil company it does not reflect the actual cost of using the technology. For that, we must factor in the environmental costs associated with air pollution (increased health care, environmental degradation) and the political costs (dependence on foreign oil, energy shortages). In short, in order to be effective, all of these strategies for channeling technology to benefit society must incorporate all the costs associated with usage.

Specific direction is characterized by _____.

A．government funding in R&D period.

B．complete centralization of power.

C．direct administrative interference.

D．identifying promising technology trends.

During the traditional wedding ceremony, the

bridal couple promises each other lifelong 【M1】 ______

devotion. Yet, about one cut of four American

marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the

divorce rate has mom than doubled, and

experts predict that, of all marriages that

occured in the 1970s, about 50% will end in 【M2】 ______

divorce. The USA is one of the highest divorce 【M3】 ______

rates in the world; perhaps even the highest.

What goes wrong? That fact that divorce is so

common in the United States does not mean that

Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant

rolationship. Just opposite is true. Americans 【M4】 ______

expect a great deal from marriage. They seek physi-

cal, emotional, and intellectual compatibility.

They want to be' loved deep and understood. It 【M5】 ______

is because Americans expect so much from

marriage that so many get divorce. They prefer 【M6】 ______

no marriage at all to a marriage without love

and understanding. Which typical American

optimist, they end one marriage in the 【M7】 ______

hope of that the next will be happier. With 【M8】 ______

no fault divorce laws in many states, it is

easier than never to get a divorce. Some American 【M9】 ______

women stay in unhappy marriages because they

do not have the education or job experience

to support themselves and their children.

But most American women believe that, if neces-

sary, they can make it lonely without a 【M10】 ______

husband. All things considered, Americans

have little reason to continue an unhappy

marriage.

【M1】

"I get by with a little help from friends" is a popular saying with age-old wisdom behind it. That people need help is something we have long understood, but more recent research has confirmed the relationship between good health and good social relationships. For infants, the lack of human interaction may actually retard(妨碍) the development of intelligence. Adults who seek supportive social relationships find greater longevity and have less chance of developing a disease.

Most of us don't develop relationships to increase our life spans or to improve our minds and bodies. Such improvements are side effects. Instead, most people seek relationships with others to feel love, gain companionship, or simply to have fun. Mutual interests can be basis for new relationships. A good way to find new friends is to get busy doing the things you love to do. The way, you're likely to meet people who share a similar interest and a similar view of the world.

A good relationship helps you feel lovable and capable. It serves as a support system, allowing you to develop your full potential as a person. One of the most wonderful things you can do for friends is to help them develop their self-concept as they help you develop yours. Reinforcing (加强) people's positive perceptions of themselves frees them to discover their strengths and to wrestle with their shortcomings. What's even more remarkable is that such reinforcement also helps you feel better about yourself.

By quoting the popular saying, the author wants to tell us that ______.

A．people don't need friends very much nowadays

B．friends are no longer of great help

C．people today need friends more than ever before

D．friends help people have a long life

"I get by with a little help from my friends" is a popular lyric(抒情诗) with age-old wisdom behind it. 【B1】______ people need people is something we have 【B2】______ understood, but more recent research has confirmed the relationship 【B3】______ good health and good social relationships. 【B4】______ infants, the lack of human interaction may 【B5】______ retard (阻滞) the development of intelligence. Adults who seek supportive social relationships find greater longevity(长寿) and have 【B6】______ chances of developing a disease.

Most of us 【B7】______ develop relationships to increase our life spans 【B8】______ to improve our minds and bodies. Such improvements are side 【B9】______ . Instead, most people seek relationships 【B10】______ others to feel love, gain companionship, or simply to have fun. Mutual interests can be a 【B11】______ for new relationships. A good 【B12】______ to find new friends is to get busy 【B13】______ the things you love to do. That way, you're 【B14】______ to meet more people who 【B15】______ a similar interest and a similar view of the world.

A good relationship helps you feel lovable and capable. It 【B16】______ as a support system, 【B17】______ you to develop your full potential 【B18】______ a person. One of the most 【B19】______ things you can do for friends is to help them develop their self-concept as they help you develop 【B20】______ .

A．Because

B．Which

C．That

D．Whether

There are four general classes of products that the purchasing department seeks to obtain for production. Which is not one of these categories:

A Raw materials

B Standard production items

C Special items

D Items of small value

E Semi-precious materials

【T15】

A.SEEKS TO

B.A HARMFUL ONE

C.HASTEN DEATH

D.AS LONG AS A.HOW MEDICINE【T13】_______RELIEVE DYING PATIENTS OF PAIN AND SUFFERING

B.YOU CAN RISK YOUR PATIENT"S SUICIDE【T14】______YOU DON"T INTEND THEIR SUICID

E.

C.IF THAT MIGHT【T15】______

D.A GOOD ONE THAT IS INTENDED AND【T16】______THAT IS FORESEEN THE SUPREME COURT"S DECISIONS ON PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE CARRY IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR【T17】______. ALTHOUGH IT RULED THAT THERE IS NO CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE, THE COURT IN EFFECT SUPPORTED THE MEDICAL PRINCIPLE OF "DOUBLE EFFECT", A CENTURIES-OLD MORALPRINCIPLE HOLDING THAT AN ACTION HAVING TWO EFFECTS—【T18】______—IS PERMISSIBLE IF THEACTOR INTENDS ONLY THE GOOD EFFECT. DOCTORS HAVE USED THAT PRINCIPLE IN RECENT YEARS TO JUSTIFY USING HIGH DOSES OF MORPHINE TO CONTROL TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS" PAIN, EVEN THOUGH INCREASING DOSAGES WILL EVENTUALLY KILL THE PATIENT. NANCY DUBLER, DIRECTOR OF MONTEFIORE MEDICAL CENTER, CONTENDS THAT THE PRINCIPLE WILL SHIELD DOCTORS WHO "UNTIL NOW HAVE VERY, VERY STRONGLY INSISTED THAT THEY COULD NOT GIVE PATIENTS SUFFICIENT MEDIATION TO CONTROL THEIR PAIN【T19】______." GEORGE ANNAS, CHAIR OF THE HEALTH LAW DEPARTMENT AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY, MAINTAINS THAT, AS LONG AS A DOCTOR PRESCRIBES A DRUG FOR A LEGITIMATE MEDICAL PURPOSE, THE DOCTOR HAS DONE NOTHING ILLEGAL EVEN IF THE PATIENT USES THE DRUG TO HASTEN DEAT

H."IT"S LIKE SURGERY," HE SAYS, "WE DON"T CALL THOSE DEATHS HOMICIDES BECAUSE THE DOCTORS DIDN"T INTEND TO KILL THEIR PATIENTS, ALTHOUGH THEY RISKED THEIR DEAT

H.IF YOU"RE A PHYSICIAN,【T20】______."

【T18】

A.SEEKS TO

B.A HARMFUL ONE

C.HASTEN DEATH

D.AS LONG AS A.HOW MEDICINE【T13】_______RELIEVE DYING PATIENTS OF PAIN AND SUFFERING

B.YOU CAN RISK YOUR PATIENT"S SUICIDE【T14】______YOU DON"T INTEND THEIR SUICID

E.

C.IF THAT MIGHT【T15】______

D.A GOOD ONE THAT IS INTENDED AND【T16】______THAT IS FORESEEN THE SUPREME COURT"S DECISIONS ON PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE CARRY IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR【T17】______. ALTHOUGH IT RULED THAT THERE IS NO CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE, THE COURT IN EFFECT SUPPORTED THE MEDICAL PRINCIPLE OF "DOUBLE EFFECT", A CENTURIES-OLD MORALPRINCIPLE HOLDING THAT AN ACTION HAVING TWO EFFECTS—【T18】______—IS PERMISSIBLE IF THEACTOR INTENDS ONLY THE GOOD EFFECT. DOCTORS HAVE USED THAT PRINCIPLE IN RECENT YEARS TO JUSTIFY USING HIGH DOSES OF MORPHINE TO CONTROL TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS" PAIN, EVEN THOUGH INCREASING DOSAGES WILL EVENTUALLY KILL THE PATIENT. NANCY DUBLER, DIRECTOR OF MONTEFIORE MEDICAL CENTER, CONTENDS THAT THE PRINCIPLE WILL SHIELD DOCTORS WHO "UNTIL NOW HAVE VERY, VERY STRONGLY INSISTED THAT THEY COULD NOT GIVE PATIENTS SUFFICIENT MEDIATION TO CONTROL THEIR PAIN【T19】______." GEORGE ANNAS, CHAIR OF THE HEALTH LAW DEPARTMENT AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY, MAINTAINS THAT, AS LONG AS A DOCTOR PRESCRIBES A DRUG FOR A LEGITIMATE MEDICAL PURPOSE, THE DOCTOR HAS DONE NOTHING ILLEGAL EVEN IF THE PATIENT USES THE DRUG TO HASTEN DEAT

H."IT"S LIKE SURGERY," HE SAYS, "WE DON"T CALL THOSE DEATHS HOMICIDES BECAUSE THE DOCTORS DIDN"T INTEND TO KILL THEIR PATIENTS, ALTHOUGH THEY RISKED THEIR DEAT

H.IF YOU"RE A PHYSICIAN,【T20】______."